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Recent Publications
William T. Gormley, Jr., “Universal Pre-K in Tulsa: A Surprising Success ,” The Journal of the National Association of State Boards of Education (May, 2024).
Timothy Bartik, William T. Gormley, Sara Amadon, Douglas Hummel-Price, and James Fuller, “A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Tulsa Pre-K, Based on Effects on High-School Graduation And College Attendance ,” Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis (2023), 14: 2, pp. 336-355.
William Gormley, Sara Amadon, Katherine Magnuson, Amy Claessens, and Douglas Hummel-Price. (2023) “Universal Pre-K and College Enrollment: Is There a Link? “ AERA Open. Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1–17.
Karin Kitchens and William Gormley. (2023) “From preschool to politics: Early socialization in Tulsa.
Sara Amadon, William Gormley, Amy Claessens, Katherine Magnuson, Douglas Hummel-Price, & Katelyn Romm. (2022) “Does early childhood education help to improve high school outcomes? Results from Tulsa .” Child Development, 93, e379–e 395.
Karin Kitchens and NaLette Brodnax. (2021) “Race, School Discipline, and Magnet Schools .” AERA Open, January-December 2021, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 1 –22.
Karin Kitchens, William Gormley, & Sara Anderson. (2020) “Do Better Schools Help to Prolong Early Childhood Education Effects ?”Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , January-February, 2020.
Karin Kitchens and William Gormley. (2018) “The Hispanic Extracurricular Participation Gap. ” Social Science Quarterly , Vol. 99, No. 5, 1776-1790.
Deborah Phillips, Sara Anderson, and William Gormley. (2018) “The Dog that Didn’t Bark: Preschool Education and Middle School Attitudes in Tulsa.” Applied Developmental Science , Vol. 22, Issue 3, 200-216.
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips, and Sara Anderson. (2018) “The Effects of Tulsa’s Pre-K Program on Middle School Student Performance .” Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , Vol. 37, No. 1, 63-87.
Deborah Phillips, William Gormley, and Sara Anderson. (2016) “The Effects of Tulsa’s CAP Head Start Program on Middle-School Academic Outcomes and Progress. ” Developmental Psychology , Vol. 52, No. 8, 1247-1261.
Hill, C. J., Gormley, W. T., & Adelstein, S. (2015). “Do the short-term effects of a high-quality preschool program persist? ” Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 32, 60-79.
Timothy Bartik, William Gormley and Shirley Adelstein. “Earnings benefits of Tulsa’s pre-K program for different income groups ,”Economics of Education Review 31 (2012), pp. 1143-1161
Phillips, D. A., & Meloy, M. E. (2012). High-quality school-based Pre-K can boost early learning for children with special needs Exceptional Children , 78(4), 471-490.
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips, Katie Newmark, Kate Welti, and Shirley Adelstein, “Social-Emotional Effects of Early Childhood Education Programs in Tulsa,” Child Development 82 (November/December, 2011), pp. 2095-2109
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips, Shirley Adelstein, and Catherine Shaw, “Head Start’s Comparative Advantage: Myth or Reality?” Policy Studies Journal , August 2010, pp. 397-418.
William Gormley, “Small Miracles in Tulsa: The Effects of Universal Pre-K on Cognitive Development .” In Arthur Reynolds et al., eds., Childhood Programs and Practices in the First Decade of Life
Deborah Phillips, William Gormley, and Amy Lowenstein, “Inside the Pre-Kindergarten Door: Classroom Climate and Instructional Time Allocation in Tulsa’s Pre-K Program,” Early Childhood Research Quarterly 24 (2009), pp. 213-228.
William Gormley, “The Effects of Oklahoma’s Pre-K Program on Hispanic Students,” Social Science Quarterly (December 2008), pp. 916-36.
William Gormley, Jr., Deborah Phillips, and Ted Gayer, “Preschool Programs Can Boost School Readiness,” Science 320 (June 27, 2008), pp.1723-24Supporting On-line Material .
William Gormley, Jr., Ted Gayer, Deborah Phillips, and Brittany Dawson, “The Effects of Universal Pre-K on Cognitive Development ,
” Developmental Psychology (November 2005), pp. 872-884
William Gormley, Jr., and Ted Gayer, “Promoting School Readiness in Oklahoma: an Evaluation of Tulsa’s Pre-K Program,” Journal of Human Resources (Summer 2005), pp. 533-558
William Gormley, Jr., and Deborah Phillips, “The Effects of Universal Pre-K in Oklahoma: Research Highlights and Policy Implications,” Policy Studies Journal (February 2005), pp. 65-82
William Gormley, Jr., Ted Gayer, Deborah Phillips, and Brittany Dawson, The Effects of Oklahoma’s Universal Pre-K Program on School Readiness: An Executive Summary
William Gormley, “Universal vs. Targeted Pre-K: Reflections for Policymakers , “ Brookings Institution and the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy (April 2017).
William Gormley, “From Science to Policy in Early Childhood Education” Science Vol. 333 no. 6045 pp. 978-981 (August 19, 2011).
William Gormley, Jr. “Early Childhood Care and Education: Lessons and Puzzles,” JOURNAL OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT (June 2007), pp. 651-689
Jens Ludwig and Douglas Miller, “Does Head Start Improve Children’s Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design,” QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 122 (2007), pp. 159-208.
William Gormley, Jr. and Helen Cymrot, “The Strategic Choices of Child Advocacy Groups,” NONPROFIT AND VOLUNTARY SECTOR QUARTERLY (March 2006), pp. 102-122
William Gormley, Jr. “The Universal Pre-K Bandwagon ,” PHI DELTA KAPPAN (November 2005), pp. 246-249
Working Papers
Timothy Bartik, William Gormley, Sara Amadon, Douglas Hummel-Price, and James Fuller, “ A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Tulsa Pre-K, Based on Effects on High School Graduation and College Attendance
Sara Amadon, William Gormley, Douglas Hummel-Price, and James Fuller, “ Does attending pre-K or Head Start predict high school graduation? ” Working Paper # 23 (September, 2022)
Karin Kitchens, William Gormley, and Sara Anderson, “Do Better Schools Help to Prolong Early Childhood Education Effects ?” Working Paper #20 (November, 2019)
Timothy Bartik, William Gormley, Jonathan Belford, and Sara Anderson, “A Benefit-Cost Analysis of the Tulsa Universal Pre-K Program ” Working Paper #19 (August, 2016)
Carolyn Hill, William Gormley, and Shirley Adelstein, “Do the Short-Term Effects of a Strong Preschool Program Persist? ” Working Paper # 18 (May, 2012)
Timothy J. Bartik, William Gormley, and Shirley Adelstein, “Earnings Benefits of Tulsa’s Pre-K Program for Different Income Groups ,” Working Paper #17 (July 27, 2011)
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips, Katie Newmark, Kate Perper, and Shirley Adelstein, “Social-Emotional Effects of Early Childhood Education Programs in Tulsa ,” Working Paper #15 (January 2011)
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips, Shirley Adelstein, and Catherine Shaw, “Head Start’s Comparative Advantage: Myth or Reality? ” Working Paper # 14 (August 2010)
Deborah A. Phillips, William T. Gormley, and Amy E. Lowenstein, Inside The Pre-Kindergarten Door
William Gormley, Jr., Deborah Phillips, and Ted Gayer, Preschool Programs Can Boost School Readiness
William Gormley, Jr., The Effects of Oklahoma’s Pre-K Program on Hispanic Children . (Working Paper #11, November 2007) (.pdf)
William Gormley, Jr., Deborah Phillips, and Amy Lowenstein, Classroom Quality and Time Allocation in Tulsa’s Early Childhood Programs .
William Gormley, Jr., Ted Gayer, Deborah Phillips, and Brittany Dawson, The Effects of Universal Pre-K on Cognitive Development .
William Gormley, Jr., and Deborah Phillips, The Effects of Universal Pre-K in Oklahoma: Research Highlights and Policy Implications .
William Gormley, Jr., and Ted Gayer, Promoting School Readiness in Oklahoma: An Evaluation of Tulsa’s Pre-K Program .
William Gormley, Arguing for Kids: Issue Frames that Work
Deborah Phillips, and Jens Ludwig, The Benefits and Costs of Head Start
William Gormley, Jr., Early Childhood Care and Education: Lessons and Puzzles .
Jens Ludwig, and Douglas L. Miller, Does Head Start Improve Children’s Life Chances? Evidence from a Regression Continuity Design
William Gormley, Jr., Ideology and Public Interest Group Strategies
Brandon Kelly, John Kingdon’s Theory at the State Level: A Look at Preschool for All in Illinois and California
William Gormley, Jr., and Helen Cymrot, The Strategic Choices of Child Advocacy Groups
Policy Briefs
William Gormley, Frequently Asked Questions About CROCUS Research On Tulsa’s ECE Programs
Douglas Hummel-Price, William Gormley, and Sara Amadon, Race, Ethnicity, and Tulsa’s Early Childhood Education Programs
Peter Simmons, William Gormley, and Sara Amadon, Race, Ethnicity, and Tulsa Pre-K’s Effects on High School Outcomes
William Gormley, Universal Pre-K in Tulsa: Two Decades of Progress
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips and Sara Anderson, Do the Positive Effects of Tulsa’s Universal Pre-K Program Persist Through Middle School?
Trellace Lawrimore and William Gormley, Tulsa Pre-K Alumni are More Likely to Complete Algebra I Early
Deborah Phillips, William Gormley, and Sara Anderson, “Do the Positive Effects of Tulsa’s Head Start Program Persist Through Middle School ?” (August 2016)
William Gormley, Karin Kitchens, and Shirley Adelstein, “Do Middle-Class Familes Benefit from High-Quality Pre-K? “ (July 2013)
Carolyn Hill, William Gormley, Shirley Adelstein, and Catherine Willemin, “The Effects of Oklahoma’s Pre-Kindergarten Program on 3rd Grade Test Scores .” (May 2012)
William Gormley, Deborah Phillips, Katie Newmark, Kate Perper, and Shirley Adelstein, “High-Quality Preschool Enhances Social-Emotional Development. ” (April 2010)
Hispanic Students Benefit from Pre-K A Comparison of Head Start and School-Based Pre-K in Tulsa “Inside the Pre-Kindergarten Door: A deeper look at what makes a high-quality pre-K classroom “
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